ECG: axis deviation
Causes of left axis deviation (LAD)
Causes of right axis deviation (RAD)
*in the majority of cases, or in a question without qualification, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is associated with left axis deviation
- left anterior hemiblock
- left bundle branch block
- Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome* - right-sided accessory pathway
- hyperkalaemia
- congenital: ostium primum ASD, tricuspid atresia
- minor LAD in obese people
Causes of right axis deviation (RAD)
- right ventricular hypertrophy
- left posterior hemiblock
- chronic lung disease → cor pulmonale
- pulmonary embolism
- ostium secundum ASD
- Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome* - left-sided accessory pathway
- normal in infant < 1 years old
- minor RAD in tall people
*in the majority of cases, or in a question without qualification, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is associated with left axis deviation