MRCEM Notes

Murmurs

Ejection systolic
  • aortic stenosis
  • pulmonary stenosis, HOCM
  • ASD, Fallot's

Holosystolic (pansystolic)
  • mitral/tricuspid regurgitation (high-pitched and 'blowing' in character)
  • VSD ('harsh' in character)

Late systolic
  • mitral valve prolapse
  • coarctation of aorta

Early diastolic
  • aortic regurgitation (high-pitched and 'blowing' in character)
  • Graham-Steel murmur (pulmonary regurgitation, again high-pitched and 'blowing' in character)

Mid-late diastolic
  • mitral stenosis ('rumbling' in character)
  • Austin-Flint murmur (severe aortic regurgitation, again is 'rumbling' in character)

Continuous machine-like mumur
  • patent ductus arteriosus

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