Vancomycin

Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic used in the treatment of Gram positive infections, particularly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

Mechanism of action

• inhibits cell wall formation by binding to D-Ala-D-Ala moieties, preventing polymerization of peptidoglycans

Mechanism of resistance

• alteration to the terminal amino acid residues of the NAM/NAG-peptide subunits (normally D-alanyl-D-alanine) to which the antibiotic binds

Adverse effects

• nephrotoxicity
• ototoxicity
• thrombophlebitis
• red man syndrome; occurs on rapid infusion of vancomycin